What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are the two basic types of cells that make up all living organisms. The main differences between the two types of cells are:

Size and complexity: Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells, with a variety of membrane-bound organelles and a defined nucleus that contains the cell’s genetic material. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, are simpler in structure and lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

DNA: The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is located in a single circular chromosome that is not enclosed within a nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is located in multiple linear chromosomes within the nucleus.

Cell wall: Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that provides them with structure and protection, while eukaryotic cells have a more complex membrane system that includes a cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Mode of reproduction: Prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process called binary fission, in which the cell divides in two to form two identical daughter cells. Eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis, a more complex process in which the chromosomes are duplicated and the cell divides into two daughter cells, each with a complete set of chromosomes.

Metabolism: Prokaryotic cells are capable of a wide range of metabolic activities, including photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, that are not found in eukaryotic cells.

These differences in size, complexity, and structure reflect the wide diversity of life on Earth and the evolution of different groups of organisms over time.