Give any two ways in which biodegradable substances would affect the environment.

Biodegradable substances can have both positive and negative effects on the environment depending on how they are managed. Here are two ways in which biodegradable substances could affect the environment:

Fertilize soil and support plant growth: Biodegradable substances, such as food waste, yard waste, and paper products, can be composted and used as organic fertilizer for plants. When these materials are broken down by microorganisms, they release nutrients into the soil, which can be taken up by plants and used to fuel their growth. In this way, biodegradable substances can have a positive impact on the environment by supporting healthy plant growth and improving soil quality.

Produce methane and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions: When biodegradable materials are not properly managed, such as when they are sent to a landfill, they can produce methane gas as they decompose. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. When biodegradable materials are buried in a landfill, they are deprived of oxygen, which can cause them to break down anaerobically and produce methane. To minimize the negative impact of biodegradable waste on the environment, it is important to manage it properly through composting or anaerobic digestion, which can capture and utilize the methane gas that is produced.